Author: Editor VCD

The development of AI has made editing, rewriting, and restructuring content from existing works easier than ever. Simply inputting the original text into the tool, AI can “transform” it into a new version with different wording, layout, and even added content. This leads many to question: If AI edits an original work, does it still constitute copyright infringement? This article from VCD will help you answer that question.

What constitutes an AI-edited work?

An AI-edited work is new content created based on an existing work, with the assistance of AI tools. This “editing” can take many forms, such as:

• Rewriting the entire content using different wording

• Summarizing and then restating it

• Changing the structure and rearranging the ideas

• Translating into another language and then editing it

• Adapting or modifying the original content

In terms of form, the content after AI processing may differ significantly from the original. However, in essence, if it is still based on the creative material, information, structure, and specific ideas of the original work, then it is not a completely independent work.

Clause 8, Article 4 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law stipulates: “A derivative work is a work created on the basis of one or more existing works through forms such as translation, adaptation, modification, transformation, selection, annotation, or compilation.”

What AI typically does, such as rewriting, adapting, translating, summarizing, and developing, all coincide with the forms of creating derivative works as defined by law. Therefore, products modified by AI from original works are very easily considered derivative works.

Is it a violation of copyright if a work is modified by AI?

The answer depends on whether the new content is based on the original work, not on whether you used AI for the modifications.

Point a, Clause 1, Article 20 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law stipulates:

“Property rights include:

a) Creating derivative works;”

This means that any content created based on an existing work, whether rewritten, adapted, or restructured using AI, can be considered a derivative work and requires the permission of the copyright owner. In other words, the law doesn’t care what tools you use to edit, but whether you are exploiting someone else’s creative material.

A very common misconception today is that if AI rewrites 60-70% of the text differently, it can be used safely. However, the law does not assess infringement based on the percentage of word changes. When considering a violation, the competent authority will base its decision on factors such as:

• Does the core content remain the same as the original work?

• Does the development of ideas follow the structure of the original work?

• Is there significant similarity in layout and information system?

• Can readers recognize the connection between the two contents?

If the creative imprint of the original work is still recognizable, then the AI-edited content may still be considered copyright infringement.

Article 28 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law clearly stipulates that creating derivative works without the permission of the copyright owner constitutes copyright infringement. Therefore, using AI to rewrite books, articles, stories, or documents of others and then posting them on social media or exploiting them for commercial purposes without permission can still be considered a violation under the law.

In what cases does AI editing not violate copyright?

Not all cases of AI editing violate copyright. You can legally use AI if it falls under one of the following cases:

• The original work’s protection period has expired: According to the law, property rights are protected for the author’s lifetime and 50 years after the author’s death. After this period, you can adapt or modify the work without permission (but you must still credit the author and not distort the content).

• Permission from the copyright owner: If you have a contract or written agreement allowing the use, modification, or adaptation, you can legally use AI.

• Only referencing general ideas: Ideas are not protected by copyright. If AI only assists you in developing completely new content, not based on the specific content structure of any work, then it does not violate copyright.

The above is an article titled “ Is it a violation of copyright if a work is modified by AI?“. Hopefully, the above analysis has helped you understand that AI is only a tool to support creativity, not a “shield” to avoid legal responsibility when using other people’s content. If the new content is still based on the creative material of the original work, you still have to obtain permission from the copyright owner according to regulations.

Sincerely,

Many individuals and organizations are confused when preparing for copyright and related rights registration because they are not familiar with the required documents according to the law. Missing documents or providing incorrect information can lead to the application being rejected, prolonging the time it takes to issue the certificate. This article from VCD will help you understand what documents are included in a copyright and related rights registration application.

What are copyright and related rights?

According to Clauses 2 and 3 of Article 4 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, copyright and related rights are defined as follows:

Copyright is the legal right of an organization or individual to a work directly created by them or legally owned by them.

Related rights to copyright (hereinafter referred to as related rights) are the rights of organizations and individuals to objects arising from the exploitation and transmission of works such as performances, sound recordings, video recordings, broadcast programs, and satellite signals carrying encoded programs.

What documents are included in a copyright and related rights rights application?

To be granted a Certificate of Copyright and Related Rights Registration, individuals and organizations need to prepare a complete application dossier in accordance with the law. Based on Article 50 of the Intellectual Property Law 2022, the application dossier for copyright and related rights registration includes the following documents:

1. Registration application form

This is the most important document. Applicants must provide complete and accurate information regarding: author, owner, title of the work, completion date, publication date (if applicable), etc.

Note: Clearly state your address, phone number, and email address so that the competent authority can contact you when necessary. If the author is also the owner, only one declaration is required.

2. Two copies of the work for which authorship is being registered or two copies of the fixed form of the object for which related rights are being registered.

For works with unique characteristics, copies may be printed, photographed, or recorded on a storage device.

Examples:

• Copyright and related rights registration for a film script: submit two printed copies of the script.

• Copyright and related rights registration for a design logo: submit two color printed copies of the logo on A4 paper.

• Copyright and related rights registration for an electronic lecture: submit two copies stored on a USB or CD.

3. Power of attorney (if applicable)

If the applicant does not personally submit the application but authorizes another individual/organization, a valid power of attorney, notarized or certified, is required.

Example: Author A authorizes Intellectual Property Representative Office B to submit the registration application; a legally valid power of attorney between the two parties is required.

4. Documents proving the right to file the application (if applicable)

This applies when the applicant acquires rights from another person through inheritance, transfer, or agreement.

Example: Musician X transfers all copyrights to entertainment company Y; the transfer agreement must be submitted upon registration.

5. Written consent of co-authors (if applicable)

If the work was created by multiple individuals, a document showing the unanimous agreement of all co-authors regarding the registration is required.

Example: Three artists collaborate on a series of illustrations; when registering, a written consent from all three is required.

6. Written consent from co-owners (if any)

In cases where copyright is jointly owned by multiple individuals/organizations, written consent from all parties is required.

Example: A university and a business collaborate on a training materials program; when registering, a written agreement from both entities is required.

General note: All documents in the application must be in Vietnamese. If documents are in a foreign language, they must be translated into Vietnamese and notarized according to regulations.

Common mistakes when preparing copyright and related rights registration applications

In practice, many copyright and related rights registration applications are returned or require additional information because applicants are not familiar with the regulations regarding the components and format of the documents. Some common errors include:

• Incomplete information in the application form

• Incomplete copies of the work, lacking written consent from co-authors or co-owners

• Power of attorney not notarized/authenticated, or foreign-language documents not translated into Vietnamese as required.

Careful review of the application before submission will help minimize these errors, ensuring a quick and smooth registration process.

The above is an article titled “What documents are included in a copyright and related rights application?”. If you still have difficulties in preparing the application or need assistance with the registration procedure, you should consult a professional to ensure your legal rights regarding the work and related rights are protected.

Sincerely,

Many people believe that once a work’s copyright has expired, it can be used freely without regard to any other legal factors. However, in reality, using a work whose copyright has expired still has to comply with certain principles under the Intellectual Property Law. Let’s explore whether using a work whose copyright has expired is a violation in the article below!

When does a work’s copyright expire?

Determining whether a work’s copyright has expired is a very important factor before you decide to exploit or reuse that work. Misunderstanding this timeframe can easily lead users into unknowingly violating copyright.

According to Article 27 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, the copyright protection period is divided into moral rights and property rights.

In summary:

• Moral rights (naming the work, being credited as the author, protecting the integrity of the work, etc.) are protected indefinitely.

• Property rights (copying, distributing, creating derivative works, communicating to the public, etc.) are protected only for a specific period. Specifically, Clause 2 of Article 27 stipulates: Property rights are protected throughout the author’s lifetime and for 50 years after the author’s death. The protection period ends at 24:00 on December 31st of the year the protection period expires.

For works with co-authors, the protection period is calculated from the year the last co-author dies. Upon expiration of this period, the work is considered to belong to the public and is no longer limited by the author’s property rights.

Is it a violation to use a work whose copyright has expired?

When the copyright protection period has expired, you do not need permission or have to pay royalties when performing the following actions:

• Copying the work

• Distributing and publishing

• Adapting, modifying, or recreating

• Using it for commercial purposes

However, this does not mean you have the right to use it at will. Because, even though the copyright has expired, the author’s moral rights are still protected permanently according to Clause 1, Article 19 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, including:

“Naming the work;

Using one’s real name or pseudonym on the work;

Protecting the integrity of the work, preventing others from modifying, abridging, or distorting it in a way that harms the author’s honor and reputation.”

Therefore, when using a work whose copyright has expired, you are still required to:

• Clearly state the author’s name

• Not distort or misrepresent the content

• Not harm the author’s honor or reputation

In summary, once the copyright protection period for a work has expired, you have the right to exploit and use it without permission or royalties. However, such use must still be within the limits of respecting the author’s moral rights. Ignoring these principles can still lead to legal risks, even if the work is now in the public domain.

Common misunderstandings when using works after copyright expires

Many people believe that when a work’s copyright protection expires, it becomes “common property,” and anyone can use, edit, cut, paste, or modify it as they wish without regard to legal factors. This understanding is incomplete and carries many risks of violating the author’s personal rights.

In reality, after the copyright protection expires, the work can be exploited more widely in terms of use. However, the author’s personal rights are still protected indefinitely by law. This means that users must still respect the name, reputation, spirit, and original value of the work.

Some situations that can easily lead to infringement include:

• Take a classic literary work whose copyright has expired and modify its content in a way that distorts the author’s intended message.

• Cutting, distorting, or altering the content of a work for personal gain, negatively impacting the author’s honor and image.

• Republishing, posting, or distributing a work without properly attributing the author’s name.

These actions, even when performed on a work whose intellectual property protection period has expired, can still be considered an infringement of the author’s moral rights under the Intellectual Property Law.

Furthermore, a frequently overlooked point is that translations, adaptations, illustrations, and productions created from works whose copyright protection has expired may still be protected by copyright if they are the original creations of the creator.

For example, the copyright for The Tale of Kieu has expired. However, derivative works from The Tale of Kieu that are independently protected by copyright include:

• An English translation of The Tale of Kieu by a translator

• Modern illustrations for The Tale of Kieu

• Stage and film adaptations of The Tale of Kieu

In this case, you cannot use these derivative works without permission from the original creator.

Therefore, using a work whose copyright has expired does not mean you have the full right to use all versions related to that work. Users need to clearly distinguish between original works that are already in the public domain and derivative works that are still under protection to avoid violating the law.

The above is an article titled “Is it a violation to use a work whose copyright has expired?“. Understanding the protection period and the scope of permitted use will help you exploit the work legally, safely, and avoid unnecessary legal risks.

Sincerely,

FAQ

When copyright disputes arise, the most important question is no longer whether the work is protected, but who is the true author and legal owner. While the law stipulates that copyright arises automatically upon the creation of a work, proving that right before the competent authority requires very specific grounds and evidence. So how can you prove copyright in disputes? This article from VCD will help you understand.

What is copyright?

Copyright is the right of an organization or individual to a work they directly create or legally own. This is one of the important intellectual property rights, protecting the fruits of intellectual labor in the fields of literature, art, and science.

According to Clause 2, Article 4 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, copyright includes moral rights and property rights arising from the work. In summary:

• Moral rights are linked to the author’s honor and reputation, such as the right to name the work, to have one’s name on the work, to publish the work, and to protect the integrity of the work.

• Property rights allow the author or owner to exploit the economic value of the work, such as copying, distributing, communicating to the public, renting, creating derivative works, etc.

A special feature of Vietnamese law is that copyright does not arise from the registration procedure, but arises at the moment the work is created.

According to Clause 1, Article 6 of the Intellectual Property Law: “Copyright arises from the moment the work is created and expressed in a certain physical form, regardless of content, quality, form, medium, language, whether it has been published or not, whether it has been registered or not.”

This regulation affirms a very important principle: simply by creating a work and expressing it externally (writing, drawing, designing, recording, filming, etc.), you automatically acquire copyright. No permission, registration, or publication is required.

However, precisely because copyright arises “automatically,” when disputes arise, the most important question is no longer whether the work is protected, but rather: Who actually created the work? Who is the legal owner? At this point, legal regulations only serve as a foundation. The decisive factor lies in the factual evidence proving the creation process, the time of creation, and the relationship between the author and the work.

In other words, copyright law protected copyright very early on, but to protect that right in case of a dispute, you must prove your rights with specific, clear, and legal evidence.

How can I prove copyright ownership in case of a dispute?

When a copyright dispute arises, the competent authority (Court, Inspectorate, Copyright Office, etc.) will rely on evidence to determine:

• Who directly created the work?

• Who is the legal owner?

• When the work was created?

• Whether there was any copying or infringement?

Depending on whether copyright has been registered or not, the method of proof will vary.

Case 1: Having a copyright certificate

This is the easiest case to prove copyright in a copyright dispute.

According to Clause 3, Article 49 of the Intellectual Property Law: “A copyright registration certificate or a related rights registration certificate is evidence proving that the copyright or related rights belong to the person granted the certificate, except in cases where there is evidence to the contrary.”

This means:

• The holder of the certificate is automatically recognized as the author/owner.

• The other party, if they wish to deny ownership, must provide very strong counter-evidence.

• Courts and authorities prioritize relying on this certificate.

In practice, in disputes, the certificate of copyright is almost an extremely important “legal shield.”

In addition to the certificate, you can provide the following documents in case of a copyright dispute:

• Original manuscript

• Design files, draft files with creation history

• Emails exchanged, creative work contracts

• Invoices, receipts showing the process of creating the work

These documents are not only supplementary but also play a strong role in strengthening the evidentiary value in the case file when a copyright dispute occurs. In fact, the competent authority does not rely on a single document, but will evaluate the entire system of evidence to determine who actually created the work and when.

Case 2: No copyright certificate available

Many people believe that if a work is not registered for copyright, it will not be protected by law. This is an inaccurate understanding.

According to Clause 1, Article 6 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, copyright arises from the moment a work is created and expressed in a certain physical form, regardless of whether it has been registered or not. This means that even if you haven’t completed the registration procedure, your copyright is still recognized and protected by law.

However, in the event of a dispute, you will have to provide specific evidence to prove that you are the author or legal owner of the work, instead of being automatically recognized as in the case of having a copyright certificate.

Important types of evidence include:

Manuscripts and original copies of the work

Manuscripts and original files are among the most valuable pieces of evidence when proving copyright.

• Word, PSD, AI, CAD files, handwritten documents…

• Files with edit history

• Versions saved on Google Drive, Email, Dropbox with storage dates

These documents are highly valuable evidence, because simulating an entire editing, storage, and exchange process over a long period is almost impossible to do reasonably and convincingly.

Timestamps of the work

Besides the original draft or file, data showing the time of creation and editing of the work also has high evidentiary value in copyright disputes.

• File save date

• Edit history

• Emails sending drafts

• Messages exchanged about the work’s content

These timestamps help prove that you were the first to create the work. This is an important basis for the competent authority to determine the sequence of creation of the work and your actual role in the creative process.

Witnesses

In many cases, testimony from individuals directly involved in the creation of the work is also an important source of evidence. Witnesses may include:

• Colleagues

• Individuals to whom you sent a draft for review

• Participants in the creative process

When necessary, witnesses may be summoned by the competent authority to clarify the creation process and confirm your role in the creative process.

Contracts, assignments, and work exchanges

If the work was created on commission or under contract, you can provide:

• Creative work contract

• Work agreement

• Emails or messages assigning content

According to Article 39 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, the copyright owner can be an organization or individual holding one, several, or all of the rights to the work. This regulation establishes an important principle: The person who directly creates a work is not necessarily the owner of the intellectual property rights to that work.

Examples:

• A designer creating a logo for a company

• A content writer writing articles for assigned tasks

• A designer creating a brand identity under an outsourced contract

• A photographer taking product photos under a service contract

Therefore, while they are the direct creators of the work, the intellectual property rights belong to the organization or individual who assigned the work, unless otherwise agreed upon. In case of disputes, documents such as contracts, work assignments, emails, or work-related messages will be crucial evidence to clarify the legal relationship between the parties and determine who is the legitimate owner of the work.

Previous publication of the work

Having previously published the work to the public before the dispute arose is also valuable evidence in proving copyright ownership. Publication methods can be very diverse, such as:

• Posting articles, images, and designs on websites, fan pages, and social media platforms.

• Publishing works in the form of books, magazines, and printed publications.

• Posting on digital platforms that record the time of publication and store data.

These methods help establish the initial public release date of the work. When the publication date coincides with the creation date of the work, this becomes crucial evidence to prove that you owned and controlled the work from a very early stage, before the other party engaged in any use or copying.

The above is an article titled “How can I prove copyright ownership in case of a dispute?“. Hopefully, the detailed analysis in this article has helped you understand the legal basis and how to gather the necessary evidence to protect your rights when copyright disputes arise.

Sincerely,

FAQ

An author’s moral rights are a particularly important group of rights, closely linked to the honor, reputation, and creative imprint of the creator of a work. However, in the process of exploiting and using works, many individuals and organizations have unintentionally or intentionally committed acts that infringe upon these rights without realizing the legal risks. So, what actions are considered infringements of an author’s moral rights according to the current Intellectual Property Law?

What rights are included in an author’s moral rights?

According to Article 19 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, the author’s moral rights include four basic rights:

“1. Naming the work.

The author has the right to transfer the right to name the work to the organization or individual receiving the transfer of property rights as stipulated in Clause 1, Article 20 of this Law;

2. Using their real name or pseudonym on the work; having their real name or pseudonym mentioned when the work is published or used;

3. Publishing the work or allowing others to publish the work;

4. Protecting the integrity of the work from distortion; preventing others from modifying or abridging the work in any way that harms the author’s honor and reputation.”

The above rights are closely tied to the author and, in principle, cannot be transferred to others. However, the right to publish the work may be transferred by the author to another organization or individual by agreement in accordance with the law.

What actions are considered infringements of an author’s moral rights?

Moral rights are a group of rights directly linked to the honor, reputation, and creative imprint of an author. Therefore, any action that illegally affects the title of a work, the author’s name, the right to publish, or the integrity of the work’s content can be considered an infringement of moral rights according to the Intellectual Property Law.

Below are some typical infringing actions commonly encountered in practice:

Infringement of the right to name a work

First and foremost, the author has the absolute right to name their work. The title of a work not only serves as an identifier but also expresses the idea and message the author wishes to convey.

Therefore, any act of arbitrarily changing the title of a work or using a different title when exploiting the work without the author’s consent is considered an infringement.

Examples:

• Arbitrarily changing the title of a book, article, song, or image when reposting it.

• Using a work but using a different title for commercial purposes.

• Intentionally renaming it to mislead about the original content or meaning of the work.

Although often overlooked, this is the first direct violation of the author’s personal rights.

The act of not crediting or incorrectly crediting the author

This is the most common form of personal rights violation today, especially on the internet.

Examples:

• Reposting articles, images, or videos without crediting the author.

• Intentionally removing the author’s watermark, signature, or logo from the work.

• Attributing someone else’s name to the author of the work.

• Using the work in advertising or media without crediting the author.

According to the law, crediting the author is a mandatory obligation when using a work, even if permission has been obtained or payment has been made.

The act of publishing a work without the author’s permission

Authors have the right to decide when and how to publish their work. If a work is published, distributed, or shared to the public without the author’s permission, this constitutes a serious violation of moral rights.

Examples:

• Publishing book manuscripts or research papers without the author’s permission

• Distributing song demos or design drafts before official publication

• Employees independently releasing internal creative work

This right aims to protect the author’s control over their “intellectual offspring.”

The act of altering, cutting, or distorting a work

Among acts of violating moral rights, falsifying the content of a work is considered the most serious. The law allows authors to protect the integrity of their work and prohibits anyone from arbitrarily modifying it in a way that affects their honor and reputation.

Examples:

• Cutting and pasting content to distort the author’s viewpoint

• Editing images and designs to misinterpret the message

• Re-editing the work in a way that is offensive or deviates from the original

• Placing the work in a negative context, contrary to its original spirit

These are behaviors that are very easy to occur in media, marketing, and journalism if not careful.

Deleting copyright information, concealing the origin of the work

In addition to the above behaviors, deleting watermarks, metadata, and author information on design files, images, videos, etc., is also considered a violation of moral rights.

This behavior is often aimed at concealing the origin of the work for unauthorized use without detection.

Legal consequences of violating the author’s moral rights

When violating moral rights, the infringing individual or organization may face many serious legal consequences, depending on the nature and extent of the violation, including:

• Administrative penalties according to Decree 131/2013/ND-CP

• Mandatory public apology and correction

• Mandatory compensation for emotional damages to the author

• Removal, recall, and destruction of infringing publications

• Civil lawsuit in court

In many cases, damage to honor and reputation is far greater than material damage.

The above is an article titled “What acts are considered infringements of the author’s moral rights?“. Hopefully, you understand that protecting personal rights is also protecting the ethical and legal foundations in the creation and use of works today.

Sincerely,

FAQ

During the exploitation and use of works, disputes between authors and copyright owners often arise due to differences in the interpretation and application of copyright law. In particular, for works created under employment relationships, assignments, or contracts, the failure to clearly identify the rights holder from the outset is a common cause of conflict and lawsuits between the parties.

Distinguishing Between Authors and Copyright Owners

According to Clause 2, Article 4 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, an author is a person who directly creates a work through their intellectual labor. The author is always an individual and is the subject associated with the creation process of the work. Although property rights to the work may be transferred, the author’s status remains unchanged and cannot be replaced by another organization or individual.

The Intellectual Property Law stipulates that the author’s rights include moral rights and property rights. Most moral rights, as defined in Article 19, are closely tied to the author’s honor and reputation and therefore cannot be transferred to other entities, except for the right to publish the work as prescribed by law.

Unlike the author, the copyright owner is an organization or individual who holds the property rights to the work. According to Article 36 of the Intellectual Property Law, the copyright owner can be the author himself, the organization or individual commissioning the creation, the commissioning party, or the party receiving the copyright transfer through a contract, inheritance, or other legal grounds. The copyright owner has the right to exploit the economic value of the work through the property rights stipulated in Article 20 of this Law.

Causes of Disputes Between Authors and Copyright Owners

Disputes between authors and copyright owners often do not stem from a single cause but arise from various factors in the process of creation, exploitation, and copyright registration. Some typical causes include:

Firstly, disputes arise from the absence or unclear definition of copyright in employment relationships or creative contracts.

According to Article 39 of the Intellectual Property Law, for works created under assignment or contract, the copyright owner is the organization or individual assigning the task or entering into the contract, unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties. However, in practice, many employment contracts or creative contracts do not specify or are not clearly defined regarding copyright for the created work. This lack of clarity leads to differing interpretations and applications among parties when a work generates exploitable value, thus giving rise to disputes.

Secondly, disputes arise from confusion between the author’s moral rights and the copyright owner’s property rights.

Although property rights to a work can be transferred to the copyright owner, according to Article 19 of the Intellectual Property Law, the author still retains moral rights, including the right to have their name on the work and the right to protect the integrity of the work. In many cases, copyright owners misunderstand the scope of their rights, believing that holding property rights means having the right to decide on all matters related to the work, leading to acts infringing on the author’s moral rights and giving rise to disputes.

Thirdly, registering copyright with the wrong entity is also a direct cause of disputes.

According to Article 49 of the Intellectual Property Law, copyright registration is not a condition for the creation of rights, but the copyright registration certificate has significant evidentiary value in case of disputes. In practice, there are many cases where registration dossiers declare information about the author or copyright owner that does not match the actual creation or the agreement between the parties, leading to complaints, requests for amendment, or cancellation of the issued certificate.

Fourth, disputes arise from the transfer of copyright that is not in accordance with or complete with the provisions of the law.

According to Articles 45 and 46 of the Intellectual Property Law, the transfer of copyright or the transfer of the right to use copyright must be made in writing and clearly define the scope, duration, and form of exploitation of the right. If the transfer contract does not clearly specify the content of the transferred rights or the parties do not understand the nature of the transfer, disputes may arise during the exploitation and use of the work.

Important notes when registering copyright to avoid disputes between the author and the copyright owner

First, clearly identify the legal status of each party before submitting the registration application: who is the author, who is the copyright owner, and what is the basis for establishing the rights (self-creation, employment contract, creative contract, transfer of rights, etc.).

Secondly, prepare complete documentation proving ownership, especially documents such as creative contracts, assignment decisions, copyright transfer documents, or commitments between the parties.

Thirdly, accurately and truthfully declare information in the copyright registration application form, ensuring consistency with the content of attached documents and the actual creation of the work.

Fourthly, clearly understand the limitations of the copyright owner’s rights, avoiding agreements or actions that infringe on the author’s personal rights, even if the owner is an organization or business.

The above is the article “Causes of Disputes Between Authors and Copyright Owners” that VCD has sent to you. We hope this article is helpful to you.

Sincerely,

FAQ