Author: Editor VCD

During the process of exploiting and commercializing a work, the question “Can copyright be transferred to multiple people?” is of great concern to many individuals and businesses. This is a crucial legal issue, as it directly affects economic interests, control, and the ability to exploit the work in practice. This article from VCD will help you answer this question.

What is copyright?

Copyright is one of the important intellectual property rights, aimed at protecting the creative achievements of individuals and organizations in literary, artistic, and scientific works.

According to the 2022 Intellectual Property Law: “Copyright is the right of an organization or individual to a work created or owned by them.”

Copyright is not simply the “right to be named,” but encompasses the entire right to control and exploit the value of the work. When a work is created (e.g., article, video, book, design, etc.), copyright arises automatically, regardless of registration.

Copyright is divided into two main groups: moral rights and property rights. This is a crucial foundation for understanding whether or not it is transferable.

Moral rights:

• Naming the work

• Using one’s real name or pseudonym

• Publishing the work

• Protecting the integrity of the work

Property rights:

• Copying the work

• Distribution and communication

• Leasing and transferring the right to use

• Profiting from exploitation

Of these, only property rights are transferable, while moral rights are essentially non-transferable (except for the right to publish the work in some cases).

Is it possible to transfer copyright to multiple people?

Copyright transfer is the act of the copyright owner transferring ownership of the property rights to another organization or individual through a contract.

According to Article 45 of the Intellectual Property Law: “The copyright owner has the right to transfer property rights to other organizations or individuals by contract.”

Although the law does not prohibit the transfer of copyright to multiple people, it is necessary to clearly distinguish the following cases:

Case 1: Transferring all rights to multiple people (co-ownership)

The owner can transfer property rights to multiple people at the same time; in this case, the transferees become co-owners of the copyright.

According to Article 38 of the Intellectual Property Law: “Copyright may be jointly owned by multiple organizations or individuals.”

Thus, when the parties jointly own property rights, exploitation must be based on a mutual agreement. If there is no agreement, the consent of all parties is required.

Example: An author transfers the rights to exploit a comic series to 3 companies, thus all 3 are co-owners.

Case 2: Partial transfer of rights to multiple parties

The owner can divide the property rights to transfer to different parties.

Example:

• Party A: printing rights

• Party B: film adaptation rights

• Party C: online distribution rights

This is perfectly legal if the scope of rights is clearly defined, without overlap or conflict. This is a very common practice (especially in the publishing and entertainment industries).

Case 3: Exclusive and non-exclusive transfers

This is a very important point to distinguish between exclusive and non-exclusive transfers.

• Exclusive transfer: Only one party receives the rights; the owner cannot transfer them to others.

• Non-exclusive transfer: Can be transferred to multiple parties simultaneously, with each party exploiting the rights within the permitted scope.

Disputes can easily arise if the copyright transfer contract does not clearly state this.

Conditions for legally transferring copyright to multiple individuals

Transferring copyright to multiple individuals is not as simple as signing a contract and “dividing the rights.” In fact, most disputes arise from a lack of clarity from the outset. Therefore, to ensure legality and minimize risks, you need to meet the following conditions:

Condition 1: A written contract is mandatory

This is a prerequisite, crucial to the validity of the transfer.

According to Article 46 of the Intellectual Property Law: “The transfer of copyright must be carried out through a written contract.” This means that oral agreements, text messages, emails, etc., do not have full legal validity in many cases. When disputes arise, the party without a written contract will be at a significant disadvantage.

In reality, many creative individuals (authors, online instructors, etc.) often collaborate based on “trust,” leading to disputes when large profits are generated. Therefore, whether transferring to one or multiple people, a written contract is always necessary, with full signatures, and even notarization if the value is substantial.

Condition 2: The contract content must be clear and structured.

This is a crucial factor in determining whether you can control the work after the transfer. A “legally sound” contract is not enough – it must be a “well-structured” contract.

The following are essential contents that must be included in a licensing agreement:

• Scope of rights to be licensed: (What rights are being licensed? Copying, distributing, adapting, or the entire work?)

• Term of license: (How long? 1 year, 5 years, or unlimited?)

• Territory of exploitation: (Only in Vietnam or globally?)

• Form of exploitation: (Online, print, broadcast, digital platforms, etc.)

• License price and payment method

Especially important when licensing to multiple parties, you must clarify:

• Who has what rights?

• Do those rights overlap with others?

• Is it an exclusive right?

Example:

Common mistakes:

• Party A: “has the right to publish online”

• Party B: “has the right to exploit on digital platforms”

These two rights almost overlap, inevitably leading to disputes.

Correct procedure:

• Party A: Release on their own website

• Party B: Release on a mobile app

Condition 3: No violation of the author’s moral rights

Regardless of how many people you transfer the rights to, there is one immutable principle: Moral rights remain with the author.

According to the Intellectual Property Law, the right to name a work, the right to be credited, and the right to protect its integrity are non-transferable (except for the right to publish in certain cases). This means that the transferee must credit the author in full and is not allowed to illegally modify the content, cut or distort the meaning, or misrepresent the work.

Practical risks:

• Books being edited to distort the content

• Videos being edited to cause misunderstandings

• Courses being “edited” for resale

These actions can be considered a violation of moral rights, even after the transfer of property rights.

Condition 4: Avoid conflicts of interest between parties

This is the most serious mistake when transferring copyright to multiple people. Without proper control, you’ll end up with multiple parties having the same rights, making it difficult to determine “who has priority,” and easily leading to legal disputes.

Common types of conflicts:

• Conflicts over platforms (two parties selling online)

• Conflicts over territory (both exploiting in Vietnam)

• Conflicts over time (overlapping rights)

Therefore, when transferring copyright to multiple people, rights must be divided according to: Exploitation channels (web, app, offline); geographical area; and time. And apply a clear principle: One right – one scope – one subject.

The above is an article titled “Can copyright be transferred to multiple people?”. Hopefully, this article has helped you understand the true nature of copyright transfer, as well as how to apply it flexibly in practice.

Sincerely,

FAQ

During copyright registration, information about the author or co-authors may sometimes be incomplete or missing. This leads many individuals to wonder whether they can add co-authors after receiving a Copyright Registration Certificate. Let’s explore this in the article below!

What are Co-authors?

Before exploring whether or not co-authors can be added, it’s necessary to understand the concept of co-authors as defined by law.

According to Article 6 of Decree 17/2023/ND-CP guiding the Law on Intellectual Property, co-authors are individuals who directly create a work together. Each co-author contributes creatively to the formation of the content or form of the work.

This means that not everyone who participates in the production, support, or funding of the work is considered a co-author. Only those directly involved in the creative process are considered co-authors.

Examples:

• Two people co-writing a book

• Multiple people co-composing a song

• A group of authors jointly developing the content of a software program or script

In these cases, the individuals involved in the creation are recognized as co-authors of the work.

Is it possible to add co-authors after copyright registration?

In some cases, after copyright registration, the owner or authors discover that the list of authors in the Copyright Registration Certificate is incomplete or contains errors. In such cases, the law allows for the procedure of amending or supplementing the information on the copyright registration certificate.

According to intellectual property law, when there are changes related to registered information, the organization or individual has the right to submit an application to amend or supplement the information to the certificate-issuing authority.

This means that if it can be proven that an individual made a creative contribution to the work, that person can be added to the list of co-authors after copyright registration.

However, the addition of co-authors must be based on legal grounds and the agreement of all parties involved.

Cases where co-authors can be added

Adding co-authors usually occurs in the following cases:

Omission of an author during initial registration

In some cases, when submitting a copyright registration application, the applicant may omit the name of an individual who participated in creating the work. Upon discovering the error, the parties can follow the procedure to request an amendment to add the co-author.

Agreement between authors

If the authors agree that an individual has made a creative contribution to the work but has not been recognized, they can create a written agreement to request the competent authority to add that person to the list of co-authors.

Errors in the application process

During the preparation of the copyright registration application, errors may occur regarding personal information or the list of authors. These errors can be corrected through the registration information adjustment procedure.

Procedure for adding Co-authors after copyright registration

When there is a need to add co-authors, individuals or organizations can carry out the procedure for amending and supplementing copyright registration information at the competent authority.

Typically, the application for adding co-authors after copyright registration includes:

• Application for amending and supplementing copyright registration information

• Original or copy of the Copyright Registration Certificate

• Documents proving the creative contribution of the applicant

• Written agreement or confirmation from co-authors (if any)

• Identification documents of the person being added

After receiving a valid application, the competent authority will review and update the author information on the certificate if the requirements are met.

Notes on adding Co-authors

To avoid disputes and ensure a smooth process, please note the following:

• Only add individuals who contributed creatively: Not every individual involved in the creation of a work is considered a co-author. Only those directly involved in creating the content or form of the work are recognized as co-authors. Those who only provided technical support, financial sponsorship, or performed administrative tasks are generally not considered co-authors.

• Consent of all parties is required: In many cases, adding co-authors requires the agreement of the authors or copyright owners. If a copyright dispute arises, the competent authority may require dispute resolution before considering any information modification.

• Prepare sufficient supporting documents: To have a co-author added, documentation proving that the added individual directly participated in the creation of the work must be provided. These documents may include manuscripts, email exchanges, joint work documents, or other evidence.

The above is an article titled ” Is it possible to add co-authors after copyright registration?”. Hopefully, the information shared has helped you better understand the legal regulations related to amending and adding author information after copyright registration.

Sincerely,

FAQ

With creative products increasingly shared widely on the internet and digital platforms, copyright infringement is also quite common. When discovering an infringement, the first important step for the author or copyright owner is to gather evidence. So, how can you legally gather evidence of copyright infringement? Let’s find out in the article below.

What is copyright infringement?

Before learning how to gather evidence of copyright infringement, it’s necessary to understand what constitutes copyright infringement according to the law. Correctly identifying the infringing act is crucial for the author or copyright owner to protect their legal rights and interests.

According to Article 28 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, the following acts are considered copyright infringement:

• Appropriating copyright in a work

• Impersonating the author

• Publishing or distributing a work without the author’s or copyright owner’s permission

• Copying a work without permission

• Using a work without paying royalties or remuneration as prescribed

• Intentionally deleting or altering electronic copyright management information

Depending on the nature and extent of the violation, copyright infringements may be handled through various measures such as requiring cessation of the infringing act, compensation for damages, administrative penalties, or even criminal prosecution.

Therefore, upon discovering signs of copyright infringement, the author or copyright owner should quickly identify the infringing act and proceed to collect legal evidence to protect their rights in accordance with the law.

Types of evidence in copyright infringement cases

In resolving disputes related to copyright infringement, evidence is a crucial element that helps competent authorities determine the truth of the case. Providing complete and legitimate evidence will help prove ownership of the work as well as the infringing behavior of the party involved.

According to Article 94 of the 2015 Civil Procedure Code, evidence can include various forms, such as:

• Readable, audible, and visible documents

• Electronic data

• Physical evidence

• Witness statements

• Expert opinions

• Minutes recording the incident

In copyright infringement cases, the most common evidence includes:

• Original or copies of the work

• Copyright registration certificate

• Images, videos, or recordings of the infringing act

• Contracts for the exploitation of the work

• Invoices and documents related to the use of the work

How can I legally gather evidence of copyright infringement?

For evidence to be accepted by the competent authority, its collection must comply with legal regulations. Below are some common and legal ways to gather evidence.

Storing and copying infringing content

If copyright infringement occurs on the internet, you can take screenshots, record screen videos, download infringing content, etc.

These documents should clearly show:

• The website or platform where the content was posted

• The time the infringement was discovered

• The specific content of the infringement

However, to increase their legal value, these documents should be verified or certified by a competent authority.

Creating a notarial record

One of the most common ways to gather evidence today is to create a notarial record through a bailiff. A bailiff’s report is a document prepared by a bailiff to record events and actions that actually occurred, for example:

• A website posting infringing content

• A store selling illegally copied products

• An individual using a work without permission

A bailiff’s report has evidentiary value in legal proceedings as prescribed by law.

Request for copyright expertise

In some cases, to prove copying or copyright infringement, expert assessment is required.

According to Article 201 of the Intellectual Property Law, the rights holder may request the competent authority to commission an intellectual property expert assessment to determine:

• Whether or not copyright infringement has occurred

• The extent of copying or unauthorized use of the work

The expert’s conclusion is one of the important pieces of evidence in the dispute resolution process.

Collecting contracts, invoices, and related documents

In addition to proving the infringement, the author or copyright owner also needs to collect documents proving their rights to the work.

These documents may include:

• Copyright registration certificate

• Transfer or licensing agreement

• Invoices and receipts related to the exploitation of the work

• Manuscript or original copy of the work

These documents help establish legal ownership of the work.

Notes on collecting evidence of copyright infringement

In reality, not all collected documents have legal value. If the evidence collection is not done properly, it may not be accepted by the competent authority when resolving disputes. Therefore, to ensure that evidence is legally valid and usable in the process of handling violations, the following points should be noted:

• Collect evidence as early as possible: In the internet environment, infringing content can be deleted or modified at any time. Therefore, evidence should be recorded immediately upon detection of the violation.

• Avoid infringing on privacy: Evidence collection must comply with the law and must not involve unauthorized access to other people’s data systems, personal accounts, or devices.

• Carefully preserve evidence: Evidence needs to be stored completely, avoiding modification or alteration of the original content.

• Seek assistance from legal experts: In complex cases, consulting with lawyers or intellectual property experts will help ensure that the evidence collection process complies with legal regulations.

The above is an article titled “How to legally collect evidence of copyright infringement?”. Preparing complete, legal, and timely evidence will help authors or copyright owners protect their legitimate rights and interests, and create an important basis for requesting competent authorities to handle infringement.

Sincerely,

FAQ

The duration of copyright protection is a crucial factor determining whether a work remains legally protected or has become public property. Once the protection period ends, the work becomes public domain; any individual or organization can exploit it without needing permission from the author or copyright owner. So how do you know if a work still has copyright protection? Let’s find out in the article below!

What is copyright protection period?

Copyright protection period is the period during which the law protects the legal rights and interests of the author or copyright owner of a work. During this time, the use or exploitation of the work usually requires the permission of the copyright owner, except in certain exceptional cases as stipulated by law.

According to Article 27 of the 2022 Intellectual Property Law, the duration of copyright protection varies depending on the type of right and the type of work.

Vietnamese law divides copyright into two main groups: moral rights and property rights. Each group has a different protection period.

Duration of protection for moral rights

According to Clause 1, Article 27 of the Intellectual Property Law, the following moral rights are protected indefinitely:

• The right to name the work

• The right to use one’s real name or pseudonym on the work

• The right to protect the integrity of the work

This means that rights associated with the author’s honor and reputation will be protected indefinitely, even after the property rights to the work have expired.

However, the right to publish the work has a protection period similar to that of property rights.

Property rights protection period

According to Article 27 of the Intellectual Property Law, property rights to a work are protected for a specific period.

Specifically:

• For cinematographic works, photographic works, applied art works, and anonymous works: The protection period is 75 years from the date of first publication. If the work has not been published within 25 years of its creation, the protection period will be 100 years from the date of creation.

• For other types of works: The protection period is calculated based on the author’s lifetime and 50 years after the author’s death. According to the law: The protection period ends at 24:00 on December 31st of the year the protection period expires.

• For works with co-authors: If a work has multiple co-authors, the protection period will be calculated 50 years after the death of the last surviving co-author.

How to determine if a work is still protected by copyright?

To determine if a work is still protected by copyright or has fallen into the public domain, several factors need to be considered, such as the type of work, the date of publication, the date of creation, and the date of the author’s death. Accurately identifying this information will help individuals and organizations avoid legal risks when exploiting or using the work.

Below are some basic steps to determine if a work is still protected by copyright.

Determine the type of work

First, determine the type of work: literary/musical/cinematic/artistic/software…

Correctly identifying the type of work is crucial because each category may have a different method of calculating the protection period. For example, the protection period for literary works is usually calculated for the author’s lifetime and 50 years after the author’s death, while some other types of works, such as films or photographs, are calculated from the date of publication.

Therefore, before calculating the protection period, it is necessary to accurately classify the work to apply the correct legal regulations.

Determining the date of publication or the date of creation of the work

For some types of works, such as films, photographs, or applied art works, the protection period is usually calculated from the date of first publication.

In cases where the work has not been published for a certain period since its creation or creation, the law may stipulate that the protection period is calculated from the date the work is created.

Example: A film was first released in 2020. The protection period for intellectual property rights may extend for many years from this release date.

Therefore, accurately determining the release date of the work is crucial for calculating the protection period.

This information can be found in:

• Publication information of the work

• Copyright registration records

• Archived data of the publisher or distributor

Determining the date of the author’s death

For most works such as books, music, or scripts, the protection period is calculated based on the author’s lifetime and 50 years after the author’s death.

Example:

• An author died in 2000

• The protection period will last until December 31, 2050

After this date, the work will no longer be subject to intellectual property protection and will become a public domain work. However, even after the copyright protection period has expired, the author’s moral rights, such as the right to be credited as the author or the right to protect the integrity of the work, must still be respected.

In the case of a work with multiple co-authors, the protection period will be calculated 50 years after the death of the last co-author.

Checking copyright registration information

If the work has been copyrighted, you can look up the information at the Copyright Office or other official sources to find out:

• Author’s name

• Publication date

• Registration date

This information will help determine the protection period more accurately and clearly. In many cases, copyright registration records also contain information related to the owner of the copyright, helping to identify who has the right to exploit the work during the protection period.

Consult a legal expert

In some cases, determining the protection period can be difficult, especially when:

• The publication date of the work is unclear

• The exact year of the author’s death is unknown

• The work has multiple co-authors

• The rights to exploit the work have been transferred

In such cases, individuals or organizations can consult a lawyer or intellectual property expert for assistance in accurately determining the protection status of the work.

The above article is: ” How can I tell if a work is still under protection?”. It can be seen that determining the protection period of copyright is not based on a single factor but requires consideration of many pieces of information such as the type of work, the publication date, the date of creation, and the date of the author’s death. Thoroughly understanding the legal regulations regarding protection periods will help individuals and organizations use the work correctly and avoid copyright infringement.

Sincerely,

FAQ

In the field of copyright, many believe that only through registration procedures is the author’s rights protected by law. However, in reality, many authors only register their work a long time after it was created or when a dispute arises. This raises the question: does late copyright registration affect the author’s legitimate rights and interests? This article by VCD will help you.

When does copyright arise?

According to Article 6 of the Vietnamese Intellectual Property Law, copyright arises from the moment a work is created and expressed in a certain physical form, regardless of whether the work has been published, registered, or not.

This regulation reflects the principle of automatic protection for copyright. This means that as soon as an author completes a work and expresses it externally in a concrete form such as a written work, drawing, musical score, sound recording, design, or electronic data file, copyright is recognized and protected by law.

For example, when an author completes a book manuscript, a lecturer finishes a lecture, or a designer completes a design drawing, copyright to the work arises at that very moment. Therefore, copyright registration is not a condition for the formation of copyright, but merely a procedure to record the right at the competent state agency.

Does late copyright registration affect the author’s rights?

In principle, legally, late copyright registration does not negate the author’s rights to the work, because the right is established from the moment the work is created. However, in practice, copyright protection can lead to certain disadvantages. According to Article 49 of the Vietnamese Intellectual Property Law, a copyright registration certificate is evidence proving copyright and related rights to a work. In the event of a dispute, the holder of the certificate is generally considered the rightful owner of the work, unless there is evidence to the contrary.

This is particularly important in practice. If the author registered their copyright early, proving ownership in the event of a dispute is relatively simple, requiring only the presentation of the copyright registration certificate. Conversely, if the author has not registered or registered late when a dispute arises, the author must personally prove the creative process of the work through other documents and evidence such as original manuscripts, archived data files, email exchanges, publication dates, or related documents.

In many cases, collecting and proving this evidence is not simple, especially when the work has been widely disseminated on the internet or used by many other parties. Even if someone else registers the copyright first, the true author may have difficulty proving their rights and may have to go through a lengthy dispute resolution process.

Therefore, registering copyright late does not negate the author’s rights, because copyright arises from the moment the work is created and expressed in a certain physical form.

The importance of copyright registration

Although not a condition for copyright to arise, copyright registration is still important in protecting the author’s legal rights and interests.

Firstly, copyright registration helps establish clear legal evidence of the author and owner of the work. A copyright registration certificate is an important basis for proving rights in case of disputes or when requesting competent authorities to handle copyright infringement.

Secondly, registration helps limit the risk of disputes. Once a work has been registered and information about the author and owner is recorded with the competent state agency, the likelihood of someone else claiming authorship or registering the same work before the author is significantly reduced.

Thirdly, a copyright registration certificate is also valuable in the commercial exploitation of the work. In transactions such as copyright transfer, licensing the use of works, contributing intellectual property as capital, or proving ownership of a company’s creative products, the copyright registration certificate is often used as an important legal basis.

The above is the article “Does late copyright registration affect the rights of authors?” that VCD has sent to you. We hope this article is helpful to you.

Sincerely,

FAQ

A copyright registration certificate is an important legal basis for proving ownership of a work. However, during storage and use, many certificates are lost, misplaced, or damaged, making it difficult to prove authorship. So, what should you do if you lose your copyright certificate, and what is the procedure for reapplying for one? This article from VCD will help you understand the legal regulations and the necessary steps.

What is a copyright certificate?

Before learning how to handle a lost copyright certificate, it’s necessary to understand the nature of this document.

According to the Intellectual Property Law, copyright arises from the moment a work is created and expressed in a certain physical form, regardless of registration.

However, copyright registration helps establish clear legal evidence of ownership of the work.

According to Article 49 of the Intellectual Property Law: “Organizations and individuals are granted a Certificate of Copyright Registration upon submitting a valid application to the competent state agency.”

This certificate is of significant importance, including:

• Confirming the legal ownership of the copyright

• Serving as legal evidence in case of disputes

• Facilitating the transfer or licensing of the work

• Increasing the legal value of the work in business activities

Therefore, preserving the copyright registration certificate is essential.

Can a lost copyright registration certificate be reissued?

In the event that the copyright registration certificate is lost, damaged, or misplaced, the owner can request a reissue from the competent authority.

According to Article 55 of the Vietnamese Intellectual Property Law: “In case the Certificate of Copyright Registration or the Certificate of Related Rights Registration is lost, torn, or damaged, the organization or individual that was granted the certificate has the right to request the competent state agency to reissue it.”

Therefore, when a copyright certificate is lost, the owner does not need to re-register from scratch, but only needs to go through the procedure of applying for a replacement certificate.

Reissuing the certificate helps ensure the owner’s rights and allows them to continue using the certificate in transactions related to the work.

The authority for reissuing copyright certificates

According to the regulations of the Vietnam Copyright Office under the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Vietnam, this is the state agency authorized to receive and evaluate copyright registration applications and to reissue copyright registration certificates when the original certificate is lost, damaged, or misplaced.

Specifically, this agency is responsible for managing the copyright registration system nationwide. When the owner or author needs a certificate reissued, the application will be received and reviewed at this agency in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Vietnamese Intellectual Property Law and related guiding documents.

Currently, in addition to the main office in Hanoi, applicants can also complete the procedures at the representative offices of the Copyright Office located in several major cities to facilitate the administrative process for individuals and organizations.

After receiving the application, the competent authority will proceed with the following processing steps:

• Receiving and checking the application for re-issuance of the certificate

• Comparing the copyright registration information stored in the management system

• Reviewing the validity of the application and related documents

• Reissuing the copyright registration certificate if the application fully meets the requirements

Re-issuing the certificate helps restore the legal validity of the copyright certificate, thereby facilitating the owner’s activities in exploitation, transfer, licensing, or protection of rights in case of disputes.

Procedure for re-issuing a copyright registration certificate

When the copyright registration certificate is lost, torn, damaged, or misplaced, the owner or author can completely carry out the procedure to re-issue it to ensure their legal rights. This procedure is carried out at the Vietnam Copyright Office in accordance with the Vietnamese Intellectual Property Law and related guiding documents.

Typically, the process for reapplying for a copyright certificate includes the following basic steps:

Step 1: Preparing the application

Before submitting the application, the applicant needs to prepare all the required documents. The application for re-issuance usually includes:

• Application for re-issuance of the copyright registration certificate

• Copy of the author’s or copyright owner’s identification documents

• Documents proving ownership of the work (if any)

• Written explanation of the reason for requesting re-issuance of the certificate

• Power of attorney (if submitting the application through an organization or individual representative)

Preparing a complete and accurate application from the beginning will help expedite the review process and avoid the need for multiple additions or amendments.

Step 2: Submitting the application

After completing the application, the applicant can choose one of the following submission methods:

• Submit directly to the Vietnam Copyright Office

• Submit by mail to the competent authority

• Submit through an authorized intellectual property representative organization

Submitting the application through a representative organization can help ensure that the application is prepared correctly and minimize errors during the administrative procedure.

Step 3: The competent authority reviews the application

After receiving the application, the competent authority will proceed with the following processing steps:

• Checking the completeness and validity of the application

• Comparing the information with the stored copyright registration data

• Verifying information about the work and the copyright owner

In case the application is incomplete or contains errors, the receiving authority may request the applicant to supplement or correct the information as prescribed.

If the application is valid, the competent authority will reissue the Copyright Registration Certificate.

Step 4: Receiving the reissued copyright registration certificate

After the application processing is complete, the applicant will be issued a new Copyright Registration Certificate.

A reissued certificate has the same legal validity as the original certificate and serves as an important basis for:

• Proving ownership of the work

• Conducting transactions related to copyright

• Protecting legal rights in case of disputes

Applying for a reissued certificate ensures that the legal rights and interests of the author or owner of the work are not interrupted, and facilitates future exploitation, transfer, or licensing of the work.

The above is an article titled “What to do if you lose your copyright certificate?”. Hopefully, the information above will help you understand the process, procedures, and the competent authority for reissuing a copyright registration certificate when the document is lost, misplaced, or damaged.

Sincerely,

FAQ

Copyright is one of the important rights protecting the creative achievements of individuals. However, many people wonder, when an author dies, who will own the copyright and who will manage that right? This is a matter directly related to the exploitation, use, and protection of the work after the author’s death. This article from VCD will help you understand this clearly.

What rights are included in copyright?

Before understanding who manages copyright after an author’s death, it’s necessary to understand what rights are included in copyright and the scope of protection for each type of right. This helps determine precisely which rights can be transferred, inherited, or continue to be protected after the author’s passing.

According to the Intellectual Property Law, copyright is divided into two main groups: moral rights and property rights. Each group of rights has different legal characteristics and protection periods.

Moral rights

Moral rights are rights associated with the honor, reputation, and identity of the author. These rights reflect the spiritual connection between the author and the work they create. According to Article 19 of the Intellectual Property Law, the author’s moral rights include:

• The right to name the work

• The right to use their real name or pseudonym on the work

• The right to publish the work or allow others to publish it

• The right to protect the integrity of the work

In general, moral rights are non-proprietary, attached to the author, and reflect the spiritual value of the creative activity. In most cases, these rights cannot be transferred to others and remain protected by law even after the author’s death, except for the right to publish the work.

Property rights

Besides moral rights, copyright also includes property rights, that is, rights with economic value that allow the owner to exploit and use the work for profit.

According to Article 20 of the Intellectual Property Law, property rights to a work include:

• The right to create derivative works

• The right to perform the work publicly

• The right to reproduce the work

• The right to distribute and import the original or copies of the work

• The right to communicate the work to the public

• The right to rent the original or copies of certain types of works

Unlike moral rights, property rights can be transferred, assigned, or bequeathed. This means that after the author’s death, the property rights to the work can continue to be exploited and generate economic benefits for the heir or copyright owner.

Who manages the copyright when the author dies??

When an author dies, the property rights to the work do not terminate but can be transferred to another person through inheritance. This means that the right to exploit and use the work continues to be protected and can be exercised by legal entities after the author’s death.

This is stipulated in Article 40 of the Intellectual Property Law: “Organizations and individuals who inherit copyright according to the provisions of the law on inheritance have the rights stipulated in Articles 19 and 20 of this Law.”

Therefore, when an author dies, the legal heir becomes the owner of the property rights to the work, with the right to manage, exploit, and permit others to use the work according to the law.

In practice, copyright after the author’s death is usually managed by one of the following entities:

The heir according to the will

If, before death, the author made a legally valid will clearly designating the heir to the property rights to the work, then the person designated in the will will be the one to manage and exploit the copyright.

According to the Civil Code, a will is an expression of an individual’s will to transfer their property to another person after death. In this case, property rights to the work are also considered a type of property that can be inherited.

For example: A writer can make a will bequeathing the right to exploit all of their works to their child. After the author’s death, the child has the right to:

• Sign a publishing contract for the work

• Transfer the right to exploit the work

• Allow other organizations or individuals to use the work

In this case, the heir under the will becomes the owner of the property rights to the work and has the right to manage the exploitation of the work within the scope permitted by law.

Legal heirs

In the case of an author’s death without a will, the inheritance of copyright will be carried out according to the provisions of the law on inheritance.

According to Article 651 of the Civil Code, legal heirs are determined according to different lines of inheritance. The first line of inheritance includes:

• The deceased’s spouse

• Parents

• The deceased’s children

Those belonging to the first line of inheritance will jointly enjoy the property rights to the work unless otherwise agreed. In that case, they can jointly manage the exploitation of the work or agree to appoint a representative to handle transactions related to copyright.

Having multiple owners of copyright to a work often requires the parties to agree on how to exploit, share benefits, and protect copyright, in order to avoid disputes.

Authorized copyright management organization

In addition to individual heirs, in some cases, copyright owners may authorize a collective copyright management organization to manage and exploit the work on their behalf.

According to Article 56 of the Intellectual Property Law, collective copyright organizations can perform activities such as:

• Representing copyright owners in licensing the use of works

• Collecting and distributing royalties, fees, and copyright payments

• Protecting the legal rights and interests of copyright owners

Authorizing these organizations helps to make the exploitation of works more professional, transparent, and efficient, especially for widely used works such as music, books, television programs, or digital content.

The above is the article “When an author dies, who manages the copyright?”. Hopefully, the information shared has helped you better understand the entity that has the right to manage and exploit a work after the author’s death, as well as the regulations related to copyright inheritance.

Sincerely,

FAQ